Foundations of Financial Management Chapter 4 Financial Forecasting Solutions
Chapter 4, Problem 2 : Comprehensive Problem 2 Marsh Corporation (financial ...
Comprehensive Problem 2
Marsh Corporation (financial forecasting with seasonal production) (LO5) The difficult part of solving a problem of this nature is to know what to do with the information contained within a story problem. Therefore, this problem will be easier to complete if you rely on Chapter 4 for the format of all required schedules.
The Marsh Corporation makes standard-size 2-inch fasteners, which it sells for $155 per thousand. Mr. Marsh is the majority owner and manages the inventory and finances of the company. He estimates sales for the following months to be:
January $263,500 (1,700,000 fasteners)
February $186,000 (1,200,000 fasteners)
March $217,000 (1,400,000 fasteners)
April $310,000 (2,000,000 fasteners)
May $387,500 (2,500,000 fasteners)
Last year Marsh Corporation's sales were $175,000 in November and $232,500 in December (1,500,000 fasteners).
Mr. Marsh is preparing for a meeting with his banker to arrange the financing for the first quarter. Based on his sales forecast and the following information he has provided, your job as his new financial analyst is to prepare a monthly cash budget, monthly and quarterly pro forma income statements, a pro forma quarterly balance sheet, and all necessary supporting schedules for the first quarter.
Past history shows that Marsh Corporation collects 50 percent of its accounts receivable in the normal 30-day credit period (the month after the sale) and the other 50 percent in 60 days (two months after the sale). It pays for its materials 30 days after receipt. In general, Mr. Marsh likes to keep a two-month supply of inventory in anticipation of sales. Inventory at the beginning of December was 2,600,000 units. (This was not equal to his desired two-month supply.)
The major cost of production is the purchase of raw materials in the form of steel rods, which are cut, threaded, and finished. Last year raw material costs were $52 per 1,000 fasteners, but Mr. Marsh has just been notified that material costs have risen, effective January 1, to $60 per 1,000 fasteners. The Marsh Corporation uses FIFO inventory accounting. Labor costs are relatively constant at $20 per thousand fasteners, since workers are paid on a piecework basis. Overhead is allocated at $10 per thousand units, and selling and administrative expense is 20 percent of sales. Labor expense and overhead are direct cash outflows paid in the month incurred, while interest and taxes are paid quarterly.
The corporation usually maintains a minimum cash balance of $25,000, and it puts its excess cash into marketable securities. The average tax rate is 40 percent, and Mr. Marsh usually pays out 50 percent of net income in dividends to stockholders. Marketable securities are sold before funds are borrowed when a cash shortage is faced. Ignore the interest on any short-term borrowings. Interest on the long-term debt is paid in March, as are taxes and dividends.
Step-By-Step Solution
Comprehensive Problem 2
Marsh Corporation (financial forecasting with seasonal production) (LO5) The difficult part of solving a problem of this nature is to know what to do with the information contained within a story problem. Therefore, this problem will be easier to complete if you rely on Chapter 4 for the format of all required schedules.
The Marsh Corporation makes standard-size 2-inch fasteners, which it sells for $155 per thousand. Mr. Marsh is the majority owner and manages the inventory and finances of the company. He estimates sales for the following months to be:
January $263,500 (1,700,000 fasteners)
February $186,000 (1,200,000 fasteners)
March $217,000 (1,400,000 fasteners)
April $310,000 (2,000,000 fasteners)
May $387,500 (2,500,000 fasteners)
Last year Marsh Corporation's sales were $175,000 in November and $232,500 in December (1,500,000 fasteners).
Mr. Marsh is preparing for a meeting with his banker to arrange the financing for the first quarter. Based on his sales forecast and the following information he has provided, your job as his new financial analyst is to prepare a monthly cash budget, monthly and quarterly pro forma income statements, a pro forma quarterly balance sheet, and all necessary supporting schedules for the first quarter.
Past history shows that Marsh Corporation collects 50 percent of its accounts receivable in the normal 30-day credit period (the month after the sale) and the other 50 percent in 60 days (two months after the sale). It pays for its materials 30 days after receipt. In general, Mr. Marsh likes to keep a two-month supply of inventory in anticipation of sales. Inventory at the beginning of December was 2,600,000 units. (This was not equal to his desired two-month supply.)
The major cost of production is the purchase of raw materials in the form of steel rods, which are cut, threaded, and finished. Last year raw material costs were $52 per 1,000 fasteners, but Mr. Marsh has just been notified that material costs have risen, effective January 1, to $60 per 1,000 fasteners. The Marsh Corporation uses FIFO inventory accounting. Labor costs are relatively constant at $20 per thousand fasteners, since workers are paid on a piecework basis. Overhead is allocated at $10 per thousand units, and selling and administrative expense is 20 percent of sales. Labor expense and overhead are direct cash outflows paid in the month incurred, while interest and taxes are paid quarterly.
The corporation usually maintains a minimum cash balance of $25,000, and it puts its excess cash into marketable securities. The average tax rate is 40 percent, and Mr. Marsh usually pays out 50 percent of net income in dividends to stockholders. Marketable securities are sold before funds are borrowed when a cash shortage is faced. Ignore the interest on any short-term borrowings. Interest on the long-term debt is paid in March, as are taxes and dividends.
As of year-end, the Marsh Corporation balance sheet was as follows:
| MARSH CORPORATION Balance Sheet December 31, 20X1 | ||
| Assets | ||
| Current assets: | ||
| Cash .......................... | $ 30,000 | |
| Accounts receivable ............... | 320,000 | |
| Inventory ...................... | 237,800 | |
| Total current assets ............... | $ 587,800 | |
| Fixed assets: | ||
| Plant and equipment ............... | 1,000,000 | |
| Less: Accumulated depreciation ...... | 200,000 | 800,000 |
| Total assets ...................... | $1,387,800 | |
| Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ||
| Accounts payable .................. | $ 93,600 | |
| Notes payable .................... | 0 | |
| Long-term debt, 8 percent ............ | 400,000 | |
| Common stock .................... | 504,200 | |
| Retained earnings .................. | 390,000 | |
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity ... | $1,387,800 | |
CP 4-2. (Continued)
Monthly Cash Payments
Marsh Corporation
| Dec. | Jan. | Feb . | Mar. | |
| Units to be produced | 1,800,000 | 1,400,000 | 2,000,000 | 2,500,000 |
| Materials (from previous month) | $ 93,600 | $ 84,000 | $ 120,000 | |
| Labor ($20 per thousand units) | $ 28,000 | $ 40,000 | $ 50,000 | |
| Overhead ($10 per thousand units) | $ 14,000 | $ 20,000 | $ 25,000 | |
| Selling & adm. expense (20% of sales) | $ 52,700 | $ 37,200 | $ 43,400 | |
| Interest | $ 8,000 | |||
| Taxes (40% tax rate) | $ 64,560* | |||
| Dividends | $ 48,420 * | |||
| Total payments | $188,300 | $181,200 | $ 359,380 |
CP 4-2. (Continued)
Marsh Corporation
Cash Budget
| Nov. | Dec. | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | |
| Sales | $175,000 | $232,500 | $263,500 | $186,000 | $217,000 |
| Collections (50% of previous month) | 87,500 | 116,250 | 131,750 | 93,000 | |
| Collections (50% of 2 months earlier) | 87,500 | 116,250 | 131,750 | ||
| Total collections | $203,750 | $248,000 | $224,750 |
Marsh Corporation
| January | February | March | |
| Cash receipts | $203,750 | $248,000 | $224,750 |
| Cash payments | 188,300 | 181,200 | 359,380 |
| Net cash flow | 15,450 | 66,800 | (134,630) |
Pro Forma Income Statement
Jan. Feb. Mar. Total
| January | February | March | |
| Net cash flow | $15,450 | $66,800 | $(134,630) |
| Beginning cash balance | 30,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 |
| Cumulative cash balance | $45,450 | $91,800 | ($109,630) |
| Loans (and repayments) | -0- | -0- | 47,380 |
| Cumulative loans | -0- | -0- | 47,380 |
| Marketable securities | 20,450 | 66,800 | (87,250) |
| Cumulative marketable securities | 20,450 | 87,250 | -0- |
| Ending cash balance | $25,000 | $25,000 | $25,000 |
CP 4-2. (Continued)
Marsh Corporation
CP 4-2. (Continued)
Marsh Corporation
Cost of Goods Sold
| Unit Cost per Thousand before January 1 st | Unit Cost per Thousand after January 1 st | |
| Material | $52 | $60 |
| Labor | 20 | 20 |
| Overhead | 10 | 10 |
| $82 | $90 |
Ending inventory as of December 31 was 2,900,000; therefore, sales for January and February had a cost of goods sold per thousand units of $82, and March sales reflect the increased cost of $90 per thousand units using FIFO inventory methods.
Pro Forma Balance Sheet (March)
| Assets | Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity | ||
| Current assets: | Current liabilities: | ||
| Cash | $ 25,000 | Accounts payable | $ 150,000 |
| Accounts receivable | 310,000 | Notes payable | 47,380 |
| Inventory | 405,000 | Long-term debt | 400,000 |
| Plant & equip: net plan | 800,000 | Stockholders' equity: common stock | 504,200 |
| Total assets | $1,540,000 | Retained earnings, total liabilities, & stockholders' equity | 438,420 $1,540,000 |
CP 4-2. (Continued)
| Explanation of Changes in the Balance Sheet: | ||
| Cash = Ending cash balance from cash budget in March | ||
| Accounts receivable = all of March sales plus 50% of Feb. sales | $217,000 | |
Inventory = ending inventory in March of 4,500,000 units at $90 per thousand
Plant and equipment did not change since we did not include depreciation.
Foundations of Financial Management Chapter 4 Financial Forecasting Solutions
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